§ 165-65. Off-street parking requirements., Article X. Design Standards for Site Plans, Chapter 165. Land Use and Development, Part II. General Legislation, Code of Ordinances, Wharton

Number of parking spaces required. The number of off-street parking spaces required shall be as set forth in Table 1. If determination of the number of required parking spaces results in a fractional space, a fraction of 1/2 or higher shall require one additional parking space.

Location of parking spaces.

(1)

The approving authority shall approve the location of all proposed parking spaces on the site and shall take into consideration the size and topography of the site; visibility from the site to the adjoining street as well as within the parking area; conditions of safety relating to the movement of people and vehicles; and the elimination of nuisance factors, including glare, noise, dust and other similar considerations. Off-street parking shall not be located closed than 15 feet from any front yard lot line, nor closer than five feet from any side or rear lot line. These conditions shall apply to all surface and above-grade parking facilities. All parking facilities shall not be located closer than 25 feet from any two intersecting streets or within the sight triangle of any driveway and the street right-of-way.

(2)

Parking spaces located to serve residential uses shall be within 150 feet of the entrance of the building and within 300 feet of commercial/industrial uses, subject to site plan approval.

Table 1

Off-Street Parking Requirements

Land Uses				Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Auto service stations				3 per bay or 1 per gas pump and 1 per bay, whichever is greater.
Banks and savings institutions				1 per 300 square feet of GFA
Child-care centers				1 per 6 children
Eating establishments				1 space for each 3 seats
Flexible office/warehouse				Utilize component standards
Funeral home				1 per 150 square feet GFA
House of worship				1 per 3 seats. For benches, 1 seat = 3 feet of linear space
Industrial				1 per 400 square feet of GFA
Manufacturing and assembly operations				1 per 400 square feet of GFA
Medical or dental offices				1 per 150 square feet of GFA
Office:
	Under 49,999 square feet of GFA			1 per 225 square feet of GFA
	50,000 and over square feet of GFA			1 per 250 square feet of GFA
Residential (per N.J.A.C. 5:21-4.14) [Added 10-17-2005 by Ord. No. O-20-05]
1.		Single-family detached
		2 bedrooms		1.5
		3 bedrooms		2, including 1 garage space
			4 bedrooms	2.5, including 1 garage space**
			5 bedrooms	3, including 1 garage space
2.		Multifamily		Single-family detached rules apply per unit
3.		Garden apartment (also, mid-rise)
			1 bedroom	1.8
			2 bedrooms	2**
			3 bedrooms	2.1
4.		Townhouse
			1 bedroom	1.8, including 1 garage space
			2 bedrooms	2.3, including 1 garage space**
			3 bedrooms	2.4, including 1 garage space
5.		Retirement community		Values shall be commensurate with the most appropriate housing unit type and size noted above that the retirement community resembles. (See Notes 8 and 9.)
Retail store and personal service establishments				1 per 200 square feet of GFA
Schools: elementary (K through 8)				2 per classroom; but not less than 1.5 per teacher and staff
Storage areas (primary use)				1 per 5,000 square feet of GFA of storage area and 1 per 250 square feet of GFA of related offices
Warehouse				1 per 1,000 square feet of GFA
Other uses not provided herein shall be determined by the approving authority

	Notes relating to parking requirements:
	GFA = Gross Floor Area
	** = If applicant does not specify the number of bedrooms per unit, this off-street parking requirement shall apply.
	1.	Whenever there is more than one use conducted on any one premises, parking spaces shall be provided in accordance with the combined requirements of each use as shown in the above schedule or as approved by the Planning Board or as otherwise indicated in this chapter.
	2.	Drive-through lanes and windows for banks and other uses, where permitted, shall be provided with room for queuing of 10 automobiles for each drive-through lane and/or window.
	3.	The inclusion of any use in this table is not meant to imply it is a permitted use in the Borough. See the applicable sections of this chapter for the enumeration of permitted uses.
	4.	Alternative residential parking standards shall be accepted if the applicant demonstrates these standards better reflect local conditions. Factors affecting minimum number of parking spaces include household characteristics, availability of mass transit, urban versus suburban location, and available off-site parking resources. (N.J.A.C. 5:21-4.14c)
	5.	A one-car garage and driveway combination shall count as two off-street parking spaces, provided the driveway measures a minimum of 18 feet in length between the face of the garage door and the right-of-way. A two-car garage and driveway combination shall count as 3.5 off-street parking spaces, provided a minimum parking area width of 20 feet is provided for a minimum length of 18 feet as specified for a one-car garage and driveway combination. (N.J.A.C. 5:21-4.14d)
	6.	When housing is included in mixed-use development, a shared parking approach to the provision of parking shall be permitted. (N.J.A.C. 5:21-4.14e)
	7.	For residential uses only: When in the judgment of the local approving authority on-street parking is available, then only that proportion of the parking requirement which is not available on the street shall be provided in off-street parking facilities. A length of 23 feet per on-street parking space shall be used in calculating the number of available on-street parking spaces. (N.J.A.C. 5:21-4.14f)
	8.	The Borough recommends the following parking requirements for Nursing Home/Congregate Care facilities; these uses are not specifically identified in the State Residential Site Improvement Standards (N.J.A.C. 5:21 et seq.): 0.5 space for each nursing bed; 0.75 space for each independent living and assisted living unit.
	9.	The Borough recommends the following standards for senior citizen housing; these uses are not specifically identified in the State Residential Site Improvement Standards (N.J.A.C. 5:21 et seq.): one space for each one-bedroom unit and 1.25 spaces for each two-bedroom unit, plus one visitor space for each six units.

Parking spaces for the disabled.

(1)

In any parking lot, designated parking spaces for disabled persons shall be required as follows:

	Table 2 Required Parking for the Disabled
	Total Parking Spaces in Lot	Required Number of Parking Spaces for the Disabled
	Up to 25	1
	26 to 100	2
	Over 100	2% of total spaces in lot

(2)

Parking spaces for the disabled shall be located in one area and designated as parking for the handicapped. They shall be located so that access does not require wheeling or walking behind parked cars. Parking spaces for the disabled shall be at least eight feet wide with a five-foot access area located adjacent to the driver's side.

Parking area design standards.

(1)

Aisle width. Provisions shall be made for the safe and adequate circulation of vehicles and pedestrians within and adjoining the subject property. Aisle widths providing direct access to individual parking stalls shall be in accordance with the standards in Table 3. Only one-way traffic shall be permitted in aisles of less than 24 feet in width.

Table 3

Minimum Aisle Width

	Parking Angle (degrees)	Minimum Aisle Width (feet)
	0 (parallel parking)	12
	30	12
	45	13
	60	18
	90 (perpendicular parking)	24

(2)

Parking stalls shall be nine feet by 18 feet in dimension, provided that parking stalls serving lots which contain retail uses utilizing shopping carts shall be 10 feet by 20 feet.

(3)

Circulation within parking area.

(a)

All parking spaces shall be designed free and clear of any obstruction to individual parking stalls.

(b)

Parking spaces shall be located in such a fashion as to permit all vehicles to exit in a safe and orderly manner. Under no condition shall vehicles be permitted to back out of a parking lot driveway or otherwise block the free movement of traffic within the parking area or specific points of safety control, such as fire hydrants, doorways, elevators or other similar locations.

(c)

Aisle widths and circulation patterns shall be designed to permit emergency and service vehicles such as delivery trucks, solid waste collection vehicles and the like to have reasonable access to and space for their intended functions.

(d)

Pedestrian circulation within a parking area shall be, to as great an extent as possible, separated from vehicular traffic. Safety zones, crossing points and sidewalk areas, where warranted, shall be provided.

(4)

Driveway design criteria.

(a)

Location of driveways. All entrance and exit driveways to a public or private street shall be located so as to afford maximum safety to said roadway, to provide for safe and convenient ingress and egress and to minimize conflict with the free flow of traffic. In no case shall unrestricted access along the length of the street or streets upon which the parking area abuts be permitted.

(b)

Sight distances.

[1]

The minimum sight distances established in Table 4 shall be adhered to between a driveway and the adjoining street in accordance with the sight triangle definition. Said driveway shall be designed in profile and grading shall be reviewed by the Borough Engineer.

[2]

For the purpose of this chapter, sight distance measurement shall be measured from the driver's seat of a standing vehicle, located on that portion of the exit driveway that is immediately contiguous to the traveled way, with the front of the vehicle 10 feet behind the right-of-way line of the road, with the height of the eye 3.75 feet to the top of the object 4.5 feet above the pavement.

Table 4

Minimum Sight Distance from a Driveway and Adjoining Street

	Maximum Allowable Speed on Roadway (miles per hour)	Minimum Sight Distance (feet)
	25	175
	30	250
	35	325
	40	400
	45	450
	50 or more	500

(c)

Where a site is located at the intersection of two streets, no driveway entrance or exit shall be located within 50 feet of the point where the curb return of the street intersection and the curbline meet.

(d)

No part of any driveway shall be located closer than 20 feet from any other driveway on the adjoining parcel, nor shall more than one driveway be located closer than 40 feet to another driveway on the same site, as measured from the closest edge of any two driveways along the same right-of-way line.

(e)

No entrance or exit driveway shall be located on a traffic circle or on a ramp of an interchange or within 50 feet of the beginning of any ramp or other portion of an interchange.

(f)

Geometric design. The geometric design of a driveway connection to a public or private street shall be governed by sound traffic engineering principles. The following guidelines are utilized in preparing a geometric design, but some deviation may be necessitated from time to time due to the many variables encountered in the course of preparing a design. The applicant should be aware, therefore, that although the driveway layout may conform to these guidelines, conditions may dictate deviation from them and that the requirements of the Borough Engineer shall be final.

[1]

Two-way operation. Driveways used for two-way operation will intersect a public or private street at an angle to as near 90° as site conditions will permit and in no case will be less than 60°.

[2]

One-way operation. Driveways used for vehicles in one direction of travel (right turn only) shall not form an angle smaller than 45° with a public street.

[3]

The dimensions of driveways shall be designed to adequately accommodate the volume and character of vehicles anticipated to be attracted daily onto the land development for which a site plan is prepared. The required maximum and minimum dimensions for driveways' connection to a public or private street at 90° are indicated in Table 5. Driveways serving large volumes of daily traffic, or traffic over 25% of which is truck traffic, shall be required to utilize high to maximum dimensions. Driveways serving low daily traffic volumes, or traffic less than 25% of which is truck traffic, shall be permitted to use low to minimum dimensions.

Table 5 Driveway Widths, Depressed Curbs and Curb Return Radius Standards
	One-Way Operation			Two-Way Operation
Use	Drive- Way Width (feet)	Depressed Curb (feet)	Curb Return Radius (feet)	Driveway Width (feet)	Depressed Curb (feet)	Curb Return Radius (feet)
3 to 10, family residential	12 to 15	22 to 25	20 minimum/30 maximum	24 to 30	44 to 50	20 minimum/30 maximum
Over 10, family residential	18 to 20	35 to 38	20 minimum/30 maximum	24 to 30	46 to 52	25 minimum/35 maximum
Commercial and industrial	18 to 30	35 to 50	35 minimum/45 maximum	30 to 50	50 to 70	35 minimum/45 maximum
Service station	20 to 30	35 to 50	20 minimum/35 maximum	40 to 50	50 to 60	20 minimum/35 maximum

[4]

Any vertical curve on a driveway shall be flat enough to prevent the dragging of any vehicle undercarriage.

[5]

Should the sidewalk be so close to the curb or a depressed curb driveway as to cause the ramp to be too steep and be likely to cause undercarriage drag, the sidewalk shall be appropriately lowered to provide a suitable ramp gradient.

[6]

The surface of any driveway shall be constructed with a permanent pavement of a type specified by standards set by the Borough Engineer. Such pavement shall extend to the paved portion of the public or private sidewalk.

(g)

Guiderail breakaway cable terminals (BCT), wheel stops and parking lot striping.

[1]

Guiderail breakaway cable terminals (BCT) shall be provided in appropriate locations where required for safety purposes.

[2]

Wheel stops, permanently anchored to the ground, may be required in appropriate locations. Parked vehicles shall not overhang or extend over sidewalk area, unless an additional sidewalk width of 2 1/2 feet is provided to accommodate such overhang.

[3]

Parking stalls, driveways and aisles shall be clearly marked and delineated. The approving authority may require that certain areas be maintained for fire-fighting purposes or other emergency purposes. These areas, as well as other pavement signage, shall be appropriately designated.

(h)

Minimum and maximum grades in parking area. The minimum and maximum parking grades shall be in accordance with the following requirements:

Table 6 Minimum and Maximum Grades of Parking Areas
Use	Maximum Grade (percent)	Minimum Grade (percent)
Parking stalls and service aisles	6	1/2
Main approach walkways to buildings	4	1/2
Swales	10	2
Principal circulation aisles	8	1/2
Driveways: entrances and exits	6*	1/2*

* NOTE: For a distance of 100 feet from the street right-of-way line.

(i)

Maintenance of off-street parking and loading area. Every parcel of land used as a public or private off-street parking or loading area shall be maintained in good condition, free of hazards and deterioration. All pavement areas, sidewalks, curbs, drainage facilities, lighting, bumpers, guardrails, markings, signs, landscaping and other improvements shall be maintained in workable, safe and good condition.

(j)

Other off-street parking requirements:

[1]

Limitation as to use. All off-street parking areas shall be used solely for the parking of passenger automobiles, and no commercial repair work or service of any kind shall be conducted within the parking lot.

[2]

Nonavailability. At any time that the required off-street parking facilities cease to be available as required, the certificate of occupancy for the building or buildings built in conjunction with such parking areas shall be canceled and become null and void.

[3]

Charges. There shall be no charge made for the use of off-street parking facilities, and no cars other than self-propelled passenger vehicles shall be permitted to use any of the off-street parking facilities herein required, and no service of any kind shall be extended to the vehicle occupying such off-street parking facilities except for emergency purposes.

(5)

Off-street parking construction.

(a)

All off-street parking areas shall be graded and drained so as to dispose of all surface water in a manner so as not to unreasonably impair the surroundings.

(b)

All off-street parking areas, aisles and driveways shall be surfaced with asphalt, bituminous or cement binder pavement according to specifications established for this purpose by the Borough Engineer.

(c)

All parking areas and access drives shall be edged by a concrete or Belgian block not exceeding six inches above the paved surface or ground level.

Landscaping in parking and loading areas shall be provided as follows:

(1)

Loading areas shall be screened with landscaping, fencing, berms, walls or any combination thereof and shall not be less than six feet in height. The screening shall be sufficient to obscure the view of parked vehicles, loading platforms and loading activities from any lot line or street line throughout the year.

(2)

Parking areas with 20 or greater parking spaces shall be screened from the street with landscaping, fencing or a wall, and interior parking lot landscaping shall be required. Landscaped areas should be located in protected areas such as along walkways, in center islands, or at the end of parking bays and shall be distributed throughout the parking area to mitigate the view of the parked vehicles without interfering with adequate sight distance for vehicles or pedestrians. The landscaping shall consist of hardy, low-maintenance varieties of trees, and shrub plantings no higher than three feet.

(3)

Parking areas with less than 20 spaces shall be screened from the street with landscaping, fencing or a wall but no interior parking lot landscaping is required.

(4)

One shade tree, with a minimum diameter of 2 1/2 inches measured three feet above the ground, shall be provided for every 10 parking spaces. Trees shall be staggered and/or spaced so as not to interfere with driver vision and shall have branches no lower than six feet.

(5)

Any plantings which do not live shall be replaced within one-year or one season.

(6)

Landscaping shall not cast excessive shade on adjacent properties, interfere with existing vegetation, interfere with light fixtures or interfere with adequate sight distance for vehicles or pedestrians.